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LPI

How Kubernetes Came to Dominate Large-Scale Computing: Part 2

The first article in this two-part series laid out the landscape of distributed computing just before containers became a viable option. Now we’ll bring the story up to date. Although the term β€œcontainers” originated with the Docker project, the idea ... Read more The post How Kubernetes Came to Dominate Large-Scale Computing: Part 2 appeared first on Linux Professional Institute (LPI).

LWN.net

[$] Moving beyond fork() + exec()

Since the earliest days of Unix, two of the core process-oriented system calls have been fork(), which creates a child process as a copy of the parent, and exec(), which runs a new program in the place of the current one. In Linux kernels, those system calls are better known as clone() and execve(), but the core functionality remains the same. While there is elegance to this process-creation model, there are shortcomings as well. A recent proposal from Li Chen to add "spawn templates" to the kernel will not be accepted in its current form, but it may point the way toward a new process-creation primitive in the future.

LWN.net

Ruby's Bundler adds a cooldown feature

Version 4.0.13 of Ruby's Bundler package-manager has added dependency cooldowns in order to help mitigate the effect of supply-chain attacks: Most supply-chain attacks against RubyGems exploit a narrow window: an account is compromised, a malicious version ships, and any bundle install in the minutes that follow resolves straight to it. Bundler 4.0.13 introduces cooldown, a time-based filter that refuses to resolve to a version until it has been public for at least N days. Releases too new to have been scrutinized are passed over in favor of ones that have aged past the window. The feature was designed in the open, drawing on how other ecosystems approach the same problem. It is opt-in, and complements rather than replaces existing defenses like mandatory 2FA and trusted publishing. LWN covered dependency cooldowns in April, and the takeover of RubyGems and Bundler in October 2025.

LWN.net

Security updates for Friday

Security updates have been issued by AlmaLinux (kernel), Debian (dovecot, exim4, frr, and haveged), Fedora (cockpit, freeipa, jpegxl, libre, nextcloud, perl-Cpanel-JSON-XS, perl-Crypt-Argon2, perl-Dist-Build, perl-ExtUtils-Builder, perl-ExtUtils-Builder-Compiler, perl-HTTP-Tiny, perl-libwww-perl, python-starlette, rubygem-yard, rust-sequoia-cert-store, rust-sequoia-chameleon-gnupg, rust-sequoia-octopus-librnp, rust-sequoia-sop, rust-sequoia-sq, rust-sequoia-wot, samba, and transmission), Red Hat (image-builder), Slackware (dnsmasq and libinput), SUSE (evince, glibc, google-guest-agent, hplip, ignition, LibVNCServer, libzypp, libsolv, python-Pillow, salt, thunderbird, and vim), and Ubuntu (apache2, linux, linux-aws, linux-aws-5.15, linux-aws-fips, linux-fips, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-5.15, linux-gcp-fips, linux-gke, linux-gkeop, linux-hwe-5.15, linux-ibm, linux-ibm-5.15, linux-intel-iot-realtime, linux-intel-iotg, linux-kvm, linux-nvidia, linux-nvidia-tegra, linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15, linux-n